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Bhaskara I

Bhaskara I (c. 600 – c. 680 CE)

Bhaskara I was one of the earliest Indian mathematicians to give a systematic exposition of Aryabhata’s work. Born in the 7th century in what is now modern-day Karnataka, Bhaskara I belonged to the school of Aryabhata and was a devout follower and commentator of Aryabhata's astronomical and mathematical principles. He made profound contributions to trigonometry, astronomy, and mathematical interpretation.

Major Works

• Mahābhāskarīya
• Laghubhāskarīya
• Āryabhaṭīyabhāṣya — a commentary on Aryabhata’s Aryabhatiya

These texts provided not only clarification of Aryabhata's concepts but also introduced innovations and computational methods that would influence subsequent generations.

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Mathematical Contributions

Sine Approximation Formula

Bhaskara I developed a highly accurate sine approximation formula:
This formula, given in the Mahabhaskariya, approximates the sine function with surprising precision and demonstrates Bhaskara's deep understanding of trigonometric properties.

Number Theory and Zero

Although he adopted Aryabhata’s use of zero as a placeholder, Bhaskara I clarified its operational rules and distinguished between valid and undefined expressions, rejecting illogical operations like division by zero.

Algebra and Arithmetic

He explored arithmetic operations, ratios, and equations. His clarity and consistency in explaining mathematical processes laid a foundation for future advancements.

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Astronomical Contributions

Bhaskara I made significant progress in predicting planetary motions, solar and lunar eclipses, and calculating celestial positions. His observational methods were sophisticated and remained in use for centuries.